Generally defined, access control refers to the selective access restriction to a location or other type of resource while the process is being described by access management.
One form of access control is physical security. This could, for instance, be a bouncer, ticket checker, turnstile, etc. This type of access control system is designed to determine who may enter or exit a location, as well as where and when they may enter and exit. This is something that had previously been accomplished through the usage of keys and locks; however, a lock may only be opened depending on how it’s configured. For example, someone who possesses a mechanical key to open a mechanical lock must have it in their possession if they wish to do so. In the event that they lose it, then the lock itself must be re-keyed.
In terms of authenticating information for credentials, there are three main factors that are taken into consideration regarding this:
*Something known by the user, such as a password, PIN number, or a pass-phrase.
*Something that the user has, such as a key fob or a smart card.
*Something that the user is, such as a fingerprint.
Credentials can also come in the form of multi-factor authentication, which combines two or more different types of credentials for an individual to verify their identity for access control systems. Additionally, newer types of software can also be used via smartphones, which can then be turned into their own types of access devices.
Access cards are another popular type of credential as well, and can come in the following forms of technologies:
*Magnetic stripe
*Bar code
*Wiegand
*125 kHz proximity
*26-bit card-swipe
*Contact smart cards
*Contactless smart cards
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